Whiplash injuries are caused either by a rapid acceleration or a rapid deceleration of a body part in relation to another. The neck and head are most commonly affected but it is also possible to experience whiplash-type injuries elsewhere in the body, such as the mid- and lower-back areas. Whiplash injuries are often associated with sprain and strain-type injuries that result in altered biomechanics, which in turn can affect the overall recovery process.
CAUSES
Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of whiplash injuries. However, whiplash can also result from sports accidents, physical abuse, and other types of traumas such as falls.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms may develop directly following a trauma or injury, but delayed onset of symptoms from days to months may also occur. Signs and symptoms of whiplash usually include:
- Neck or back pain and stiffness
- Loss of range of motion in the neck
- Headaches
- Tenderness or pain in the shoulder, upper back, or arms
- Tingling or numbness in the arms (neurological problems)
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
In severe cases individuals may also experience:
- Blurred vision
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Sleep disturbances
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Memory problems
- Depression
- Concussion symptoms
HOW DOES A WHIPLASH INJURY AFFECT YOUR BODY?
During trauma, structural damage and microtraumas occur to elements of the neck or spine such as ligaments, facet joints, joint capsules, and muscles. This leads to intersegmental instability between joints that causes our muscles to tighten in an attempt to stabilize the affected area. Any resulting biomechanical alterations to the spine often have neuroanatomical implications, [NW28] which may lead to further aggravation if not addressed promptly.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Early assessment and intervention in these cases is a key factor to a better prognosis. Whether acute, sub-acute or chronic, the normalization of altered biomechanics is crucial for the successful outcome of rehabilitative measures. Class-3 laser technologies such as the Bioflex Laser are also effective in the treatment of whiplash-related disorders as they promote tissue regeneration, thus enhancing structural stabilization. The combined efforts of skilled chiropractic care along with photobiomodulation/laser therapy work in synergy to enhance structural stabilization and maximize patient outcomes.
EXPECTED OUTCOME
Most people who have whiplash feel better within a matter of weeks or a few months. However, some people may continue to experience pain for several months or years after the injury. In cases of undiagnosed altered biomechanics and mismanagement with whiplash injuries, there is an increased likelihood of evolution to chronic pain syndromes. Nevertheless, the application of innovative methods of assessment and care significantly contribute to reduce disability and recovery time.